FTP (File Transfer Protocol) and SFTP (Secure File Transfer Protocol) are both protocols used for transferring files over a network, but they have several key differences:
Security:
FTP: Transfers data in plaintext, which means it is vulnerable to interception and eavesdropping. FTP does not encrypt data or the authentication process, making it less secure.
SFTP: Encrypts both data and commands using SSH (Secure Shell) protocol, ensuring that data is securely transmitted over the network. SFTP provides a higher level of security.
Authentication:
FTP: Typically uses a username and password for authentication, which are sent in plaintext.
SFTP: Uses SSH for authentication, which can involve a combination of username and password, public key authentication, or other secure methods.
Port:
FTP: Uses two separate ports for data and control commands. By default, port 21 is used for control commands, and port 20 is used for data transfer. This separation can cause complications with firewalls.
SFTP: Uses a single port for both data and commands, typically port 22, simplifying firewall configurations.
Data Transfer:
FTP: May require passive or active mode to handle data connections, which can be tricky to configure properly in different network environments.
SFTP: Operates over a single, encrypted connection, making it easier to manage.
Compatibility:
FTP: Widely supported and has been around for a long time, so many legacy systems still use it.
SFTP: Increasingly popular due to its security benefits and is supported by many modern systems and applications.
Functionality:
FTP: Provides basic file transfer functionality but lacks advanced features.
SFTP: Supports additional features such as file access, file management, and even some remote file system functionality.
Usage Scenarios:
FTP: Suitable for environments where security is not a primary concern or where systems and applications do not support SFTP.
SFTP: Preferred in scenarios where data security and integrity are critical, such as in financial transactions, confidential communications, and any environment requiring secure data transfer.
In summary, while both FTP and SFTP serve the same fundamental purpose of transferring files, SFTP provides a much more secure and reliable method of doing so, making it the preferred choice in most modern applications where security is a priority.
